Table 1 Demographic information for subjects included in the study
Case | Gender | Age at onset and duration (years) | Typical Seizure | Frequency per month | MRI | Language fMRI | ictal EEG onset and patterns |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | F | 32 (9) | Somatosensory Aura > Autonomic | 10 + | Left frontal T2 increased signal | Left | Temporal |
2 | F | 5 (15) | Somatosensory aura > Bilateral Tonic Leg > dialeptic > Left arm/leg clonic | 45 | Left posterior parietal cortical dysplasia and thickening | Left | Parietal |
3 | F | 5 (9) | Neck extension, bilateral arm extension, seconds to a minute, clusters in early morning | 600 | Stable diffuse enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles with periventricular gliotic change | Not lateralized | N/A |
4 | F | 26 (18) | Psychic Aura > bilateral leg/arm hypermotor > dialeptic (staring to left) > left arm clonic jerk > left arm tonic extension | 1─2 | Postoperative changes consistent with anterior cingulectomy | Left | Frontal |
5 | M | 22 (1) | Abdominal aura | Sporadic | Unremarkable | N/A | Temporal |
6 | F | 12 (7) | Pyschic aura (Panic Attack) > Autonomic | 9 | Unremarkable | Left | Temporal (anterior, middle) |
7 | M | 12 (25) | Bilateral arm and leg tonic with extension > generalized tonic–clonic | 5 | Left hippocampal malrotation | Left | Frontal with rapid bi-synchrony within 1.5 s |
8 | M | 20 (5) | Aura of tingling sensation that starts in the bilateral hands and marches upward toward the arm. The sensation of déjà vu | 5 | Normal | Right | Temporal |
9 | M | 47 (9) | Sensation of left lower face twitching and lightheadedness + / − (Rare) progression to generalized tonic–clonic | 10 + | Left frontal subcortical microhemorrhage Right superior temporal Thinning of the right frontal face region | Left | Centro-temporal |
10 | M | 14 (4) | Left head and eye versive > generalized tonic clonic | 90 + | Right frontal focal cortical dysplasia | Right | Fronto-Temporal |