Table 1 Neuroimaging studies during midazolam-induced sedation
From: Neuropsychopharmacological effects of midazolam on the human brain
First author and year | Modality | Sample size | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|
Liang et al. 2018 [38] | ASL | n = 12 (20–30 years old) | Decreased CBF in the bilateral medial thalamus and precuneus/PCC |
Veselis et al. 1997 [41] | PET | n = 14 (28.1 ± 5.8 year) | Decreased rCBF in the cingulate gyrus, insula, multiple areas in the prefrontal cortex, the thalamus, and parietal and temporal association areas |
Frölich et al. 2017 [49] | fMRI | n = 11 (19–40 years old) | Reduction of brain activation in the auditory cortex |
Gemma et al. 2009 [51] | fMRI | n = 5 (4,5–6 years old) | Subjects exhibiting activation in the primary auditory cortex |
Tian et al. 2010 [53] | fMRI | n = 12 (22–38 years old) | Preserved activation in the auditory cortex by auditory stimulus |
Wise et al. 2007 [61] | fMRI | n = 8 (25 ± 5 year) | Reduced activity in the ACC, the insular cortex |
Liang et al. 2015 [66] | fMRI | n = 14 (24 ± 3.2 year) | Impaired higher-order cognitive functions prior to lower-level sensory responses |
Greicius et al. 2008 [67] | fMRI | n = 9 (22–27 years old) | Reduced functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex |
Forsyth et al. 2020 [68] | fMRI | n = 30 (27.3 ± 6.2 year) | Increased connectivity in sensory networks (SMN, VN), and decreased connectivity in some of the higher cognitive networks (rFPN, pDMN) |
Adhikari et al. 2020 [78] | fMRI | n = 30 (27.3 ± 6.2 year) | Reduced connectivity in the DMN |