Table 2 The source and original references of the illusion patterns in Table 1

Mach Bands

Rl-a

Penacchio et al. (2013)/Mach (1865), Fiorentini (1972)

[63]/[146, 147]

Chevruell

Rl-b

Geier (2011)/Chevreul (1890)

[148]/[149]

Pyramid

Rl-c

Troncoso et al. (2005)/Vasarely (1966, 1970)

[150]/[151, 152]

Grating Induction (GI)

Rl-d

Penacchio et al. (2013)/McCourt (1982)

[63]/[153]

Craik–O’Brien Cornsweet (COC)

R2-a

Web Img, Lu & Sperling (1995)/Craik (1940), O’Brien (1958), Cornsweet (1970)

[154, 155]/[156–158]

Irradiation

R2-b

Westheimer (2007)/Helmholtz (1896)

[45]/[62]

Simultaneous Brightness Contrast (SBC)

R2-c

Adelson (2000)/Heinemann (1955)

[19]/[159]

White’s effect (WE)

R2-d

Blakeslee and McCourt (1999)/White (1979)

[17]/[15]

Herman Grid

R3-a

Blakeslee and McCourt (1997)/Hermann (1870)

[106]/[160]

Café Wall

R3-b

Nematzadeh (2015)/Gregory (1973), Munsterberg (1897), Pierce (1898), Fraser (1908)

[50]/[161–163, 33]

Fraser

R3-c

Kitaoka (2007)/Fraser (1908)

[71]/[33]

Twisted cord

R3-d

McCourt (1983)/Fraser (1908)

[41]/[33]

Spring

R4-a

Fermuller & Malm (2004)/Kitaoka (2003)

[107]/[164]

Spiral Café Wall

R4-b

Kitaoka (2007)/Kitaoka et al. (2001)

[71]/[165]

Spiral Fraser

R4-c

Kitaoka (2007)/Gregory & Heard (1979), Kitaoka et al. (2001)

[71]/[42, 165]

Sound Wave

R4-d

Stevanov et al. (2012)/Kitaoka (1998)

[166]/[109]

Zöllner

R5-a

Web–Wikipedia/Zöllner (1862)

[167]/[168]

Herring–Wundt

R5-b

Changizi et al. (2008)/Herring (1861), Wundt (1898)

[9]/[169, 170]

Orbison

R5-c

Changizi et al. (2008)/Orbison (1939)

[9]/[171]

Poggendorff

R5-d

Ninio (2014)/Zöllner (1860)

[8]/[172]

Ebbinghaus

R6-a

Ninio (2014)/Ebinghaus (1902)

[8]/[173]

Müller–Lyer

R6-b

Ninio (2014)/Müller-Lyer (1889)

[8]/[174]

Ponzo

R6-c

Ninio (2014)/Ponzo (1910)

[8]/[175]

Kanizsa Triangle

R6-d

Eagleman (2001)/Kanizsa (1974), Frisby & Clatworthy (1975)

[13]/[176, 177]

Face–Vase

R7-a

Sturmberg (2011)/Rubin (1915)

[178]/[179]

Necker Cube

R7-b

Sturmberg (2011)/Necker (1832)

[178]/[180]

Penrose Triangle

R7-c

Web—OpenClipArt/Pappas (1989)

[181]/[182]

Impossible Staircase

R7-d

Web—Wikipedia/Penrose (1958)

[183]/[184]

Knill & Kersten

R8-a

Adelson (2000)/Knill & Kresten (1991)

[19]/[185]

Wall of Block

R8-b

Logvinenko et al. (2002)/Adelson (1993)

[21]/[186]

Crisscross

R8-c

Adelson (2000)

[19]

Snake

R8-d

Adelson (2000)

[19]