Fig. 2
From: On the statistical performance of Granger-causal connectivity estimators
A single-trial results of a iDTF and b iPDC estimations obtained using a data simulation of Model 1 with K = 2000 points. In both subfigures, a, b, the main diagonal subplots with gray background contain power spectra, while each off-diagonal subplot represents iDTF or iPDC measure in the frequency domain with variables in columns representing the sources and in rows the target structures, in which significant measure is drawn in red lines at \(\alpha = 1\,\%\), and in green lines otherwise. c Note that, as theoretically expected, according to iDTF estimation, all nodes of \(\{ x_1,\, x_2,\, x_3,\,x_4,\,x_5\}\) set can reach one another, d while iPDC correctly exposes, similar to GCT, the immediate adjacent node’s connectivity pattern. See further discussion about the contrast between iDTF and iPDC in [17]. (Color figure online)